Written and published by Linden Alexander Pentecost in the UK, and only on this website. This article was published on the 15th of October 2025. This article is only published on the website you are currenrly on, www.clwaideac-na-cuinne.co.uk, just as all of my articles and books tend to be only published in one format or place, although the formats and places vary from publication to publication. Note that article f5. on this website was published before the article on this page (f3.) and before the upcoming f4. article. This article in front of you is unrelated to any of my other publications, including those published recently (for example an article published yesterday on the 14th of October 2025 on my BookofDunBarra site), and unrelated to other recent publications, and this article in front of you is also unrelated to publications to be published by me in the near future. All 3 photos in this article were taken by the author, with the second photo being of some handwritten Finnish text by the author. Note that the small text above photos contains information not in the main text. No AI was used in this article nor in any of my publications. Note that the poetic language in this article is completely unrelated to the poem I recently added to the p1. poetry page on this website you are currently on. This article contains 2451 words. Note that the article is divided into sections (not including this paragraph and the main title), for example f3.I etc. This is to be used for referencing, these individual parts of the article are not articles in and of themselves but are parts of the article on this page. This article contains the following sub-sections (not including this paragraph and the main title):

f3.I On autumn in Finland, the word ruska and other topics (includes photo of Kouvula area in autumn)
f3.II Sentences in Finnish related to autumn, followed by translations and explanations below them) (includes photo at end showing separate poetic writing in Finnish by the author, with notes and translation above it)
f3.III More on Finnish music and related topics (includes a photo of a mökki in autumn in Southern Finland), followed by URL for reference and notes

f3.I On autumn in Finland, the word ruska and other topics (includes photo of Kouvula area in autumn)

Autumn in Finland is a special and magical time. Autumn in England is, well, it can be nice, although in the northwest we usually do not have much in the way of golden, yellow, amber and red colours, as much of the world, including Finland, enjoys. In Northern England, many of the leaves simply turn brown, and, those which have more colour, are often blown away quickly anyway. This is not to mention that large areas of Northern England are simply moorland and fields, so there are not that many trees to change colour, although, the grass does somewhat become more yellow with a brown tinge, and the heather looks beautiful. Of course the autumn colours in England can be beautiful.
In Finnish, the word for "Autumn" is syksy, although the related form syys- is often used in compound words, for example syyskuu - "September", and syyslehti - "autumn leaf". Autumn in Finland does begin in September or even in late august in the north, but at least in the south of Finland, September can remain very much summer-like, and it is often only in October, lokakuu, when in the south of Finland the trees take on truly amber and golden colours throughout. In the north of Finland, this usually happens sooner, and often the extravagant colours are referred to as ruska,  and the time which they occur (varies in Northern Finland between beginning of September to Mid October) is referred to as ruska-aika - "autumn foliage time". The word ruska itself is likely connected to Sámi words for "brown", e.g. Northern Sámi ruškat, Inari Sámi ruškâd and Skolt Sámi ručkkâd (Northern, Inari and Skolt Sámi are the three Sámi languages spoken in Finland today, although other intermediate dialect areas, e.g. Kemi Sámi, similar to Inari Sámi, were also once spoken in some places. There is also said to be a "Kainu Sámi" language, but I doubt its existence as a separate specifically Sámi language (I have discussed Kemi Sámi and these other things in detail elsewhere). |Note that Kemi Sámi is not the same as Kainunkieli, the name sometimes used to refer to the Meänkieli and Kven languages, which I have also discussed a lot in other publications.
The exact autumn colours vary throughout Finland. The southern forests have many deciduous trees, such as lime trees, oaks and others, which in their own way lend to a wider range of colours in the autumn. Other areas of Finland, in the north, where birch trees are the only main deciduous tree, also have beautiful colours from the birch leaves, but just how "orange", "golden" or "red" these leaves go, depends on air-dryness and upon how quickly frosts come, but indeed these colours in Northern Finland are very associated with the word ruska. In autumn, there are of course many berries that are traditionally eaten, such as the mansikka - "strawberry", mustikka - "blueberry", and karhunvatukka - "blackberry". There are also many mushrooms, sienet, (nominative singular form: sieni), certain, safe to consume in small quantities varieties of which, which often used in Finnish traditional medicine practices. Of course, one should only look into this if one can absolutely and safety identify each mushroom, in order to avoid dangerous ones. 

Photo below: the autumn colours near Kouvola in October - Syysvärit Kouvolan lähellä, lokakuussa. The photo below helps to show how birch trees, producing more lighter, golden oranges, constrast with the darker orange-red colours of other diciduous trees in the image below.

f3.II Sentences in Finnish related to autumn, followed by translations and explanations below them) (includes photo at end showing separate poetic writing in Finnish by the author, with notes and translation above it)

These sentences below are separate and unrelated to the Finnish sentences in the photo description below the sentences below, and in the photo below the photo description which has a handwritten form of those sentences. Anyway, the 6 sentences below (not including those related to the picture below them and their explanations) are:

1. Puissa on monta kaunista syyslehteä - there are many beautiful autumn leaves on the trees
2. Rentoutuakseni olen usein metsissä ja kuunnelen lintujen musiikkia - In order to relax, I am often in the forests, and I hear the music of the birds
3. Tämä metsä on aina ollut pyhä paikka - This forest has always been a sacred place
4. Ymmärrän metsien taikuutta, kunnellessani lintujen lauluja - I understand the magic of the forests, when I listen to the birds' songs
5. Näemme lentävän linnun auringon noustessa - we see a flying bird when the sun rises
6. Luulen, että koivunlehtiä ja lehmuslehtiä ovat syksyllä kauneimpia - I think, that birch leaves and lime(linden) leaves are most beautiful in the autumn

Explanations are below:

1. puissa - inessive plural of puu - tree, but in this case in English it would mean "on the trees" rather than "in the trees", on - "is, are (in this context), monta - "many", kaunista - partitive singular of kaunis - beautiful, syyslehteä - partitive singular of syyslehti - "autumn leaf", from syys - "autumn" (especially in compounds) and lehti - "leaf". 
2. rentoutuakseni - "in order for me to relax", from rentoutua - "to relax", the -kse- element meaning approximately "in order to", plus the suffix ni- to indicate that I am talking about "I" or the first person singular form, olen - "I am", usein - "often", metsissä - inessive plural of metsä - "forest", ja - "and", kuuntelen - "I hear", first person singular present form of kuunnella - "to listen (to)", lintujen - genitive plural of lintu - "bird", and musiikkia - partitive singular of musiikki - "music".
4. ymmärrän - "I understand", first person singular present form of ymmärtää - "to understand", metsien - genitive plural of metsä - "forest", taikuutta - partitive singular form of taikuus - "magic", kuunnellessani - "when I listen", literally something like "in my listen", from the verb kuunnella - "to listen", plus the inessive ending, which gives us: kuunnelle-ssa plus the first person singular possessive ending -ni, lintujen genitive plural of lintu - "bird", lauluja - partitive plural of laulu - "song". 
3. tämä - "this", metsä - "forest", on - "is", aina - "always", ollut - "been", pyhä - "sacred", paikka - "place". 
5. näemme - "we see", present tense first person plural form of nähdä - "to see", lentävän - genitive form of lentävä - "that which is flying", from the verb lentää - "to fly", plus the suffix -vä (or -va depending on vowel harmony), linnut - genitive singular of lintu - "bird", auringon - genitive singular of aurinko - "sun", noustessa - inessive form added to nouse- but with no possessive suffix needed as aurinko is in the genitive form auringon, therefore: auringon noustessa - "when the sun rises". 
6. luulen - I think, first person singular present form of luulla - "to think", että - "that", koivunlehtiä - partitive plural form of koivunlehti - "birch leaf", from koivun- genitive singular of koivu - "birch", plus lehti - "leaf", ja - "and", lehmuslehtiä - partitive plural of lehmuslehti - "lime leaf", from lehmus - "lime tree", and lehti - "leaf", ovat - "are" (they), syksyllä - adessive form of syksy - "autumn", kauneimpia - partitive plural of kaunein -"most beautiful", superlative form of kaunis - "beautiful".

Below is a photo showing handwritten Finnish, an example of poetic language that flowed into me when I was trying to express and comprehend romantic thought. Written in typed form, it is (in Finnish): Väkevä myrsky purjehti Pohjantähden äärellä, ja ikivanhat laulajat lauloivat. Mystinen sankaritar ei vielä nähnyt tuota ärjyvää valtamerta, sitä tähdistä, syrjäistä paikkaa. Mies piilotti sen sydämeensä. Note that the positioning of wording in the handwritten version in the photo conveys more the emphasis and speech patterns that I intended to. It translates to: "(The) powerful storm sailed around the North Star, and ancient singers sung. The mysterious heroine did not yet see that roaring ocean, that starry, remote/isolated place. He concealed it in his heart". 

f3.III More on Finnish music and related topics (includes a photo of a mökki in autumn in Southern Finland), followed by URL for reference and notes

The reason for the poetic language above is because, well, I think poetic language can express the spirit of a language in a very effective way. In addition, autumn for many is a time of change, and sometimes romantic things happen, and poetry, or, poetic language such as in the photo above, is a nice way to express that I think. Finnish does, I think, have a beautiful poetry, many aspects of which I have discussed in other publications. When I was in Finland recently, I met a person who told me that they thought Finnish songs were harder to sing than English ones, due to that in Finnish songs there can be some vast pitch changes, but they do not occur in the same way or structure as we would express these pitch changes in English or in other languages in Western Europe. Finnish possesses an abundance of long words, their suffixes frequently rhyme in some way, and the higher and lower changes of pitch across these multi-syllable words is quite foreign to how I have heard this in most other languages. The person and I both agreed that in Finnish, changes in pitch and the momentum of a song is more of a "gradual buildup" in a lot of cases, which can be highly effective and emotional. For me, it is as though Finnish music often works like a meditation video, classical music piece or opera, in that the vocalisations affect one's body in some way, preparing one's senses for the ride of low and high notes. In English or Danish songs on the other hand, pitch changes coincide with vowel changes and syllabic structure in a way that makes English and Danish pitch changes quite a different thing - in my opinion. I have discussed other aspects to this elsewhere.
However, like in an opera or sacred chant, I think certainly often non-Finns, have to listen to the Finnish song, feel the changes in vibration and pitch from the beginning, in order to "feel" the high and low notes. In other words one cannot skip to the middle of the song and experience the same vibration and acoustic sensations. This is, kind of true of songs in other languages I know, I think, but, at least in my opinion, not in the same way. I think this might also be why some non-Finns might find Finnish music quite hard to relate to, with their perceptions of it "clouded", all I think in connection to how one has to be used to the Finnish language & its structure in a way, even if not speaking it, to be able to "follow" and understand the rhythm of some Finnish music. This is of course, individual, but at least from my experiences, I think there is something to this. 
 Note that yesterday I published an unrelated article on a different website. 

Photo below: A small hut/cabin, located somewhere in Southern Finland - Pieni mökki, sijaitsee jossakin Etelä-Suomessa. The photo below shows the absolutely gorgeous colours of Finnish trees in the autumn. The air was icy though, despite the sun being warm. I sat in these woods and noticed the beautiful cabins, in Finnish one of these cabins is known as a mökki. When my cats were alive I dreamed of living with them in a cabin such as the one in the photo below, and I still dream of it. Perhaps one day I will live in such a place and they will of course be there in spirit. This is I think the essence of comfort and beauty in Finland in some ways, to be safe, in a cozy place, surrounded by beautiful nature and the music and colours of trees, sky and water.