Written and published by Linden Alexander Pentecost, completed and published officially on the 6th of October 2025. This article was written and published in the UK, and the author is from the UK, and lives in the UK. This article is only published on my www.clwaideac-na-cuinne.co.uk website (the website you are currently on), which is also not my only website where I publish, and I publish in other places too, all UK-based (except for Silly Linguistics - see note towards end of this article). This article is unrelated to any of my other publications, including others that discuss different examples of polygonal masonry in Finland and different examples of Finnish-Quechua similarities. Different examples of both the aforementioned and other topics have been published by me across many publications, each individual group of examples being only published in one format, with different examples in online articles, other articles, PDF-only books, print-only books and other forms of publication. Please do not confuse this article in front of you with these other publications, across many pdf-only books, print-only books books, articles and other publications, including article e1. on this website, and to give one other example, with my article published not so long ago on one of my other websites, titled: 71: Vanhankaupunginkoski Polygonal.masonry august2025 & more Quechua-Finnish similarities august2025. A partial version of the aforementioned article on a different website was published on the website you are currently on, before being removed from there, it was never archived when on the website you are currently on, nor was it ever completed. Note that in the aforementioned article I also briefly mention the fact that there is polygonal masonry at Mannerheimintiensilta although I do not discuss it nor include photos in the aforementioned article (which is not the article currently in front of you). Note that this article, f5. on this website, was published before articles f3. and f4. on this website, f3. and f4. will be published in the near future though. This article will only ever be published in this format and on this website, as all my publications are only published in one, albeit different formats. Note also that in my relatively recent article on Vanhankaupunginkoski polygonal masonry (not the article in front of you), I discuss some other examples of Finnish-Quechua links not in the article in front of you, similarly a print-only book published earlier this year discusses other, different examples of polygonal masonry in Finland (only in that book), and other Finnish-Quechua similarities (only in that book). I have also discussed other examples of both together in other publications. All of these publications with their different examples are separate from each other and contain different examples from each other. No AI was used in this nor in any of the author's other publications. This page's web URL is given at the end with a note (after the reference section) for reference purposes. A link to Jani's website is also included elsewhere in this article. This article contains 4759 words. This article contains info also only in the smaller text above photos. This article contains a lot more information than that which is summarised in the titles of each section. Note that this article must be taken as a whole work, and the new introduction on this website of a naming system for parts of the article involving the prefix, here f5- should only apply to referring to or making small quotes from the relevant sections/to help specify which part of the article a thing is in, the individual sections e.g. f5..I constitute different parts of this article and should not be described as individual works or articles in and of themselves. Note this article contains many etymological discussions but is not included in the e. articles on this website but rather in the f. Finnish related articles on this website due to the subject matter being related to Finnish, (and to polygonal masonry and Finnish-Quechua similarities and other things). Below is a list of the sections in this article, not including this paragraph, the main title and contents below:

f5.I - Introduction 

f5.II   - The polygonal masonry at Mannerheimintiensilta - includes lots of text and 3 photos
f5.III - Uudet esimerkkilauseet (Mannerheimintiensillan monikulmaisesta muurauksesta puhuminen) - New example sentences (talking about the polygonal masonry of Mannerheimintiensilta) 

f5.IV - New (October 2025) Finnish-Quechua similarities & another Finland mystery (includes reference, this published article's URL for reference and other notes)

f5.I - Introduction 

I am now back in the UK, at the time of writing this article (this article was also published in the UK). Although I had flu last week, mulla oli flunssa viime viikolla, I did manage to do a fair bit more exploring around Helsinki in the early autumn of late September 2025, just as the autumn colours were beginning to become more profound. The only main polygonal masonry site I managed to visit were the polygonal masonry walls around the Mannerheimintiensilta or “Mannerheim’s Road’s Bridge” not far from the Rautatientori in the centre of Helsinki. On this particular day I felt so lacking in energy, that a relatively brief early evening visit to the site was all I could manage. Thankfully in the following days afterwards, my energy returned, I explored some places, some I already knew, managed to spend an entire day speaking Finnish with my Finnish linguistic friend Jani Koskiin, followed by a night of singing Finnish songs at karaoke bars in Helsinki. I also managed to find some previously unknown examples of five-sided polygonal masonry blocks close to Helsinki Cathedral, Helsingin Tuomikirkko, although these are not discussed in this article and are only “just” polygonal in nature. On my previous trip to Finland in May 2025 I managed to visit several other polygonal masonry sites, which I have published about elsewhere; and in march 2025 I wrote an ebook about yet more polygonal masonry sites in Finland, some of which I have not actually visited in person, such as those located around Kotka. I also managed on my recent trip to visit various other ancient sites, which will be discussed in other publications. 

Naturally, with my ongoing research into Finnish - Quechua similarities, spread across many publications including many this year, this article in front of you will also contain yet more newly discovered examples of Finnish - Quechua similarities, which I have specifically found within the past few days. This article will also contain some other information about Finland's mysteries, not previously discussed - as well as new Finnish example sentences with explanations, and of course photos of the polygonal masonry at/around Mannerheimintiensilta. 
Note also: Jani has a website. As well as being an expert on Finnish, he also has a very deep knowledge of other Uralic, especially Finnic languages, and has studied minority languages ranging from Irish, to Greenlandic, Catalan and many others. One of his particular focuses over the past several years has been the Welsh language, which he speaks extremely well. His website is: https://kielionkannanotto.wordpress.com/ 

f5.II   - The polygonal masonry at Mannerheimintiensilta

In this part of the article I primarily discuss the polygonal masonry at Mannerheimintiensilta and other topics in relation to this, with photos, the first of which is below the photo text below this paragraph. Note that the small italics text above photos in this section is distinct from the main, normal-sized text in this section. 

Photo below: close up detail of some of the polygonal masonry stonework at Mannerheimintiensilta, photo taken in late September 2025. Note that whilst mortar can be seen in a few of the gaps, this may not have been necessary nor a part of the original construction, and in connection to that - it is noteworthy that the blocks fit together very well without the need for mortar, the mortal apparently being only between the stones where the gaps widen slightly where the stones face outward. Note also the five-sided stone centre-right.

According to mainstream history, the Mannerheimintiensilta was created in the late 1800s, to carry the Mannerheimintie road over what was, until relatively recently, a railway line, connecting one of the ports with Helsinki's main railway network. The railway track has since been removed however, and the old railway line has now become a cycle track. During this process, or perhaps at an earlier time, some of the polygonal masonry walls were partially obscured by more recent walking path and cycle path projects in general, subsequently the full depth of the polygonal masonry walls is no-longer visible in most places. Nevertheless, it can still be seen and observed. Some of the polygonal stonework appears to have mortar in its construction, which would make it a less "strong" example of polygonal masonry, although it is entirely possible that the mortar was added at a later date, certainly, the blocks fit together pretty tightly. In terms of other examples of old polygonal masonry in Finland, the examples at Mannerheimintiensilta perhaps most closely resemble the examples of polygonal masonry visible at the sides of the Junatie/Teolisuuskatu near Sörnäinen, another part of Helsinki. The junatie at Sörnäinen was also once connected to the railways in some way, and boats other examples of polygonal masonry which I have not yet discussed or included photos of in my publications. Certainly it would seem though that some of the polygonal masonry in and around Helsinki itself, seems to be specifically connected to the old railway networks within the city. Of course, Tartaria theorists might suggest that these railway networks are in some way far more ancient than we have been lead to believe - personally, I don't know.

I do also need to point out, that whilst many examples of polygonal masonry in Northern Europe are certainly over 100 years old, some at least hundreds of years old or perhaps older, (many of which I have discussed in other publications in different formats, as well as the article in front of you focusing on the examples at Mannerheimintiensilta; there are also modern examples utilising this building technique in Helsinki for example. Another more modern example I came across recently is the polygonal masonry wall around the Kungshamns gamla kyrkogård or "Kungshamn's old graveyard" in Kungsham, in Bohuslän in western Sweden. However, even these modern examples are interesting, as they represent a continuation of these building techniques, which are, in my opinion, perhaps ancient within Northern Europe. Note that I may dedicate another publication in the near future to the Bohuslänska language of Bohuslän in Sweden; I have also discussed some other details on this language elsewhere before. Note however that all the examples of polygonal masonry in Northern Europe which I have discussed in detail (this does not include Kungshamns gamla kyrkogård) are indeed much older - and there may still be room to discuss something more on more modern sites too, such as Kungshamns gamla kyrkogård. 

Photo below: another photo of a different section of the polygonal masonry walling at Mannerheimintiensilta. Again, mortar can be seen in "some" of the gaps, although I am not sure whether or not this is original, or if it was added later. Both five-sided and six-sided stones are visible in the section below. In some ways, the uppermost part of this section of wall closely resembles some of the polygonal masonry visible at Suomenlinna, an island that forms part of Helsinki. Note also the beautiful, wave-like, curving nature, in particular of the uppermost interlocking polygonal masonry blocks. 

Photo below: yet another different section of the polygonal masonry walling at Mannerheimintiensilta, the photo below having been taken also even further back from the wall. Note the way in which the polygonal masonry in the image below is partially obscured by the land and soil having been built up, in old photos showing this site, much more was once visible. 

f5.III - Uudet esimerkkilauseet (Mannerheimintiensillan monikulmaisesta muurauksesta puhuminen) - New example sentences (talking about the polygonal masonry of Mannerheimintiensilta) 

Below, following are 5 new sentences in Finnish, which discuss the polygonal masonry at Mannerheimintiensilta and also help to demonstrate how more-complex architectural themes are discussed in Finnish. I wrote the original forms of these sentences, but Jani Koskiin made some corrections with word order, and some other changes to make the sentences seem more natural including some word choices. After the sentences, the grammar in each is explained, the grammatical descriptions are also numbered 1 to 5.

1. Helsingin keskuksessa voi nähdä monikulmaisella muuraustavalla rakennettuja muureja - walls built using polygonal masonry technique (way) can be seen in the centre of Helsinki
2. Minä luin, että nämä muurit on rakennettu vuonna 1893, mutta mielestäni ne voisivat olla vanhempiakin - I read that these walls were built in the year 1893, but in my opinion they could be older
3. Sillan alla ei ole nykyään rautatietä, koska entinen rautatie on muutettu pyörätieksi - there is no railway line under the bridge today, because the railway line has become a cycle track
4. Pidän mielenkiintoisena sitä, että monikulmaista muuraustapaa on käytetty sekä Perussa että Suomessa, erityisesti koska useissa Suomen ja Ketšuan kielen sanoissa voidaan havaita yhtäläisyyksiä, esim. Suomen sana "puro" ja Ketšuan sana "para", joka tarkoittaa "sade" - I find it interesting, that polygonal masonry technique is used both in Peru and in Finland, especially when in the Finnish and Quechua languages, there are many words, in which can be seen/noticed connections, for example, the Finnish word puro and the Quechua word "para".
5. Mannerheimintiensillan monikulmaisella muuraustavalla rakennetut muurit ovat huomattavan samanlaisia kuin Sörnäisen samalla tekniikalla rakennetut muurit - the walls of Mannerheimintiensilta built with polygonal masonry technique (method, way) are especially similar to the walls of Sörnäinen built with the same technique.

1. Helsingin - genitive form of Helsinki, keskuksessa - inessive form of keskus - "centre", voi - "can (one can)", nähdä - "see", monikulmaisella muuraustavalla - adessive forms of the words monikulmainen muuraustapa, from monikulmainen - many angled, muuraustapa - "masonry way", from muuraus - "masonry", and tapa - "way, manner", rakennuttuja - partitive plural of rakennuttu, which is the past passive participle of rakentua - to be built (of, based upon etc), muureja - partitive plural of muuri - "wall" (larger, generally outside wall). 
2. minä luulen - "I think" (or believe), että - "that", nämä - "these", muurit - "walls" (nominative plural), on rakennettu - is built (but in English translates to "are built"), with rakennettu being the nominative singular past passive participle of rakentua - to be built (of, based upon, etc), vuonna - essive singular form of vuosi - "year", mutta - "but", mielestäni - "in my opinion", literally meaning "from my mind", from the elative form of mieli - "mind" which is mielestä, plus the first person singular possessive suffix -ni, ne - "they (those)" voisivat - third person plural conditional form of voida - "can, to be possible", olla - "be", vanhempiakin, from vanhempia - partitive plural form of vanhempi - "older", comparative form of vanha - "old", plus the suffix -kin often translating to "too, also, as well" or "even", but in this context the -kin suffix is used to express a level of uncertainty, i.e. "in my opinion they could be older" (but I am not entirely sure).
3. sillan - genitive singular of silta - "bridge", alla - postposition meaning "under", ei ole - "is not", nykyään - translates approximately to "nowadays", rautatietä - partitive singular of rautatie - "railway", from rauta - "iron" and tie - "road, way, path", koska - "because", entinen - "former", rautatie - "railway", on muutettu - past passive participle of muuttaa - "to change, transform into, become, move", pyörätieksi - translative form of pyörätie - "cycle path", from pyörä - "wheel, bike" and tie - "road, way, path". 
4. pidän - "I like", mielenkiintoisena - essive singular form of mielenkiintoinen - "interesting", sitä - partitive singular form of se - "it", essentially pidän mielenkiintoisena sitä meaning something like "I like it (as interesting)" or "I find it interesting", että - "that", monikulmaista muuraustapaa - partitive singular forms of monikulmainen muuraustapa - "polygonal masonry-way/-manner", on käytetty - "is used", with käytetty being the past passive participle (singular, nominative form) of the verb käyttää - "to use", sekä... - "and, also", but when used followed by että meaning "both", so sekä Perussa että Suomessa - "both in Peru and in Finland", with Perussa and Suomessa being the inessive forms of Peru and Suomi, Suomi being of course the name for "Finland", erityisesti - "especially", koska - "because", useissa - plural inessive form of usea - "many", Suomen - genitive form of Suomi - "Finland, Finnish", ja - "and", Ketšuan - genitive singular of Ketšua - "Quechua", kielen - genitive singular form of kieli - "language", sanoissa - inessive plural form of sana - "word", voidaan - "can be, we can", passive present indicative of voida - "to can, be able to", havaita - "to notice", "to detect", yhtäläisyyksiä - partitive plural of yhtäläisyys - "a similarity, equal, equivalent", from the adjective yhtäläinen - "similar, equal", esim. - abbreviation of esimerkiksi - "for example", which is the translative form of esimerkki - "example", Suomen - genitive form of Suomi - Finland, Finnish, sana - "word", "puro" - "stream, beck", (this is talked about also as one of the new Finnish-Quechua similarities further down in this article),  ja - "and", Ketšuan - genitive form of Ketšua - "Quechua", sana - "word", "para" is a Quechua word, joka - "that, which", tarkoittaa - "means", third person singular present form of tarkoittaa - "to mean", sade - "rain". 
5. Mannerheimintiensillan - genitive of Mannerheimintiensilta - "Mannerheim's Road's Bridge" monikulmaisella muuraustavalla - adessive forms of monikulmainen muuraustapa - "polygonal masonry-way/manner", rakennetut - nominative plural form of rakennettu, which is the past passive participle of rakentua - to be built (of, based upon etc), muurit - nominative plural of muuri - "wall", generally an outside wall, ovat - "are" (3rd person plural present tense form of olla - "to be"), huomattavan - genitive singular of huomattava - "noteworthy", from huomata - "to note", "to take note of", "to notice", samanlaisia - partitive plural of the adjective samanlainen - "similar", kuin - "as" (in this context), Sörnäisen - genitive of Sörnäinen, an area of Helsinki, samalla - adessive form of sama - "same", tekniikalla - adessive form of tekniikka - (type of) technology/engineering, rakennetut - nominative plural of rakennettu, the past passive participle of rakentua - "to be built" (of, based upon etc), and muurit - nominative plural of muuri - "wall". 

f5.IV - New (October 2025) Finnish-Quechua similarities & another Finland mystery

New in my apparently-neverending list of Finnish and Quechua similarities, some new similarities I have discovered are included below. They are numbered 1 to 6. Below these word similarities and their explanations are comments on another mystery of Finland.

1. Finnish puro - "a stream, brook" is likely connected in some way to the verb puristaa - "to whisper, purr", although I suggest that there is also possibly a watery-link here between puro - "stream, brook" and Quechua para - "rain". This would not subtract the possibility that puro and puristaa are connected via onomatopoeia/pre-language/cosmic vibration principles, and I would therefore suggest that Quechua para could also be connected to the onomatopoeic/pre-language/cosmic vibrational sound root, except that in Quechua this refers more specifically to the "patter of rain" rather than to the similar pattering, bubbling sound produced by a stream or brook.

2. Finnish kurkku - "throat", is a word that certainly has some North-Germanic cognates, and across "Indo-European" languages in general, several cognates to this root can be seen. Like many words in Finnish, the common assumption is that the root is of Germanic origin in Finnic, although I think it equally possible that the root passed into Finnic and "Indo-European" from pre-existing pre-Finnic roots; as I have talked about elsewhere, there is no need to assume that "Indo-European" root words are somehow older than Uralic ones, or that the direction of borrowing is always from Germanic into Finnic; my own research has caused me to seriously doubt many examples of this, and I have published about many other examples elsewhere in detail. This word found in "Indo-European" and in Finnic, with Finnish kurkku does bare a resemblance to Imbabura Quechua tunguri - "throat" (1). I would also say it's possible that tunguri (1) is connected in some way to the "Indo-European" root *tVngw- meaning "tongue or language", a root which in my opinion can also be found in Mapuche dungun/dungu/zungu - "language", which I have discussed in detail in other publications. 
3. Finnish kallio - "crag", "rocky hill", "outcrop" bares similarities to various Quechua and other indigenous South American words, many of which, including the Quechua links, I have discussed in other publications. Another I found recently however is the Quechua word kallki meaning "brick", again with there being an implication of hardness and solidness, and a "stone-like nature". This also bares a similarity to Finnish kalkki - "limestone", itself thought to be borrowed from Swedish, although, regardless, this root meaning "limstone", regardless of the age of its presence in Finnish, also bares a striking similarity to Quechua kallki. 
4. Finnish villa - "wool", and its cognates in "Indo-European", do I think show a similarity to the Quechua word millwa or millma meaning "wool". This is also interesting, given that as I have discussed elsewhere in a different way, Finnish lammas - "sheep", also connected to "Indo-European", e.g. English "lamb", bares a striking similarity to Quechua llama - "llama" or sometimes "sheep", "lamb", with the underlying root likely meaning "wool producing animal" in some way. These words are a part of a whole series of Finnish-Quechua similarities which seem to relate to an ancient knowledge of agriculture. 
5. Finnish jauhot (jauho) - "flour" shows a similarity to Imbabura Quechua jaku [haku] - "flour". This could be another example of the common linguistic agricultural knowledge present in both Uralic and Quechuan. As in some other examples of words I have discussed where the intervocalic Finnish h or hj is reconstructed into Proto-Finno-Permic or Proto-Uralic as *-ŋš-, I think it likely, as in other examples I have given, e.g. Finnish pohja, that the original sound may have been [k] or [kC], with *-ŋš- being just one variant in Uralic, with the *ŋ- arising from [k] or [g] before the second consonant in a form of nasalisation. In an unrelated article not long ago, I related Finnish pohja - "north, bottom" to Mapuche pakun - "north", although I did not explain my theory on the precise process in the detail I have done in the article in front of you. 

6. Finnish tyttö - "girl, young woman", found in compounds such as tyttöystävä - "girlfriend", does, in my opinion show a similarity to Imbabura Quechua kuytsa - "girl" (1). This word in Finnish does also have strong connections to "Indo-European" words for "daughter", of which there is also a Finnish cognate, tytär - "daughter", and it is likely that the Finnish word tyttö is not as old as the word tytör, although, as I have discussed in other publications, the "Indo-European" *-er suffix is very relevant here, because I do not feel that this suffix is nearly as old as the root words in Indo-European behind family person names containing the *-er suffix. It can be suggested for instance that tyttö did not come from Indo-European, but that rather tyttö comes from a much older root, via the root tytär, of which only certain versions of which contain an extra *-er suffix specifically relating, in this case, to family members, whereas the original root in tyttö and its meaning in Finnish means, again "girl, young woman" and not "daughter". By this hypothetical explanation, tyttö and Imbabura Quechua kuytsa (1) are perhaps more likely to share a root word, even if tyttö may well have had at an older date an -r suffix. Other examples of this root without an -r suffix in Northern Europe may be for example Swedish tös, Danish tøs and Norwegian taus and Northern Norwegian tøtta, all of which mean "girl, young woman" but with various more precise semantic differences. 

I would also like to discuss briefly another Finnish mystery which I have not before. Stalin, during the Winter War, attempted to invade Finland. Although his forces managed to gain some of the Finnish lands in the east, the Russians failed catastrophically during the Winter War. What I did not know until recently however, was this rumour that there may have been some kind of "supernatural element" involved in the protection of Finland. What on earth this force was - who knows. But, there has always been, for me, something very deeply spiritual about Finland (many other aspects of which I have discussed elsewhere) - a certain feeling that Finland is protected and that its ancestors are in a sense, guardians of all of humanity, which is part of the reason I think that there are suggestions in Finnish mysticism that Finland was the original "Garden of Eden", that a certain possible ancient temple, which I have discussed before in detail and visited, may hold deep secrets of humanity, and why these "ancestors" may have also been present in other parts of the world, e.g. South America, which I have also discussed in detail across many publications. These represent my own views. Jani Koskiin who helped me with some of the Finnish wording for the example sentences in this article does not hold these views about Finland's mysticism and possible links between Finnish and Quechua for example. In explaining these concepts to him, I took a noteworthy stance of there being both physical, linguistic and genetic evidence (in my opinion), for such connections - but that this subject does strongly (as I have discussed in detail elsewhere) go into the realm of mysticism and alternative versions of ancient history. I know that from an academic standpoint alone, despite the many many similarities and links I have discussed, across many publications, some in this article, that academia as a whole cannot accept this idea - nor do I expect it to, I am merely trying to share what could be possible evidence, and in the future, for a while perhaps, I should focus on these things more as a mystical, spiritual ancient history, and keep my academic work on Finnish somewhat separate - for a while (after having blended the two aspects across many publications for several years). Academia will develop according to its own internal principles and changes of opinion, I cannot alter this process, I can only share what I find interesting. Nevertheless, I do believe absolutely that the possible relationships between Uralic and Indigenous American languages, including with discussion of genetic and culture, (without the more mystical elements) do absolutely, also have a need to be discussed in academia - I have discussed all of these aspects elsewhere, including in terms of genetics, archaeology, culture, and of course linguistic and more mystical aspects. I have found a great number of similarities that can be quantified and explored without involving the subjects of ancient gods, ancestors, and cosmic "vibrational" language, and other linguists before me have also discussed other aspects to these connections, albeit not focused upon South America. The Dene-Caucasian hypothesis is for example another method of describing different aspects to the subject of linguistic connections between ancient Eurasia and the Americas, the Dene-Caucasian hypothesis being just one other example of this, the California indigenous languages - Uralic connections being another aspect.

I hope that this article was a fascinating read. 

References:

All Imbabura Quechua words marked with (1) are sourced from: Jorge A. Gómez Rendón. 2009. Imbabura Quechua vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 1319entries. (Available online at http://wold.clld.org/vocabulary/37, Accessed on 2025-10-04.)