Written by Linden Alexander Pentecost & published in the UK on this website (www.clwaideac-na-cuinne.co.uk), publishing completed on the 16th of July 2025. This article is unrelated to and not the same as any of the author's other publications. No AI was used in the creation of this article nor in any of the author's publications. This article contains 2498 words. All information in this article came from the author's own learning and research, but I originally learned about the Aure dialect's words from Wikipedia pages, a reference to one of which is given in the Aure section of this article (III. On the Aure language). The URL to this page written for reference in a footnote at the end of the article, after the section: III. On the Aure language . Nothing in this article, including the photo by the author, has been published elsewhere, this is also true for all of my articles on my websites.

This article discusses more information on three other Nordic languages, namely the Icelandic, Trøndersk and Aure languages, with other information, for example about the Icelandic phonology and the Icelandic cryptid known as skeljaskrímsli, and more, with some Icelandic sentences and more Trøndersk phrases and sentences. This article contains the following sub-sections:

I. More new information on Icelandic, with sample sentences and information on the skeljaskrímsli

II. More on the Trøndersk language

III. On the Aure language

This article also contains a photo (taken by the author), which is located after the rest of the text in section I. before section II. of this article. The photo also has a photo description below it.

I. More new information on Icelandic, with sample sentences and information on the skeljaskrímsli

Icelandic, Íslenska or Íslenzka (older spelling), is the language of the first Nordic country I ever visited, namely, Iceland, back in 2010. I have introduced and talked about Icelandic before, including discussing other aspects of Iceland's indigenous history and language, the most recent work about which I hope to be published in Silly Linguistics later this month, the article for Silly Linguistics being titled: On non-Norse language in Iceland, and Icelandic magical staves - a mysterious symbolic language

In this article (the article on this webpage in front of you), I want to talk about some other aspects of Icelandic and to give some sample sentences. Before the sample sentences however, I want to discuss some observations. Firstly, Icelandic, Danish and a number of other Nordic languages, possess sound systems that are, in different ways, very different to English. In some ways, the sounds of Icelandic resemble those of English, but on a finer level, the individual sounds of Icelandic, as a whole system, is pretty different from English; and I think that this is partially why Icelanders, when speaking English, can possess a very strong and unique accent. The prosody of Icelandic can, in my opinion, sometimes resemble a little the prosody of certain Faroese, and to a lesser extent, West Norwegian dialects. But all in all, I think that Icelandic prosody, does, to my ears, most closely resemble the prosody of High German, which is strange. This is a personal observation, but perhaps there is something to it, and to some extent in terms of phonology and grammar, Icelandic and German share parallels, other than the parallels of them both being Germanic languages. For example Icelandic augnablik - "moment", German Augenblick - "moment". Although in fact, the similarities in prosody, whilst perhaps coinciding with similarities in Icelandic and German syllabic structure, do not extend to precise phonological structure. It is noteworthy that "au" sounds in this word can occur in other Nordic languages too, and that specifically, the Icelandic word does not contain [aʊ] like the German word does. Whilst the occurrence of this sound in written Icelandic does relate to a common Germanic group of sounds, the precise pronunciation of au in Icelandic is [œy] or [ˈøy]. Another example is Icelandic kaupa - "buy", pronounced [ˈkʰøyːpa], compare the German equivalent kaufen, pronounced [kaʊ̯fən]. It is worth noting however that the phoneme [au] does exist in Icelandic, from orthographic á, e.g. frá - "from", má - "must", sjá - "see" etc. 

Icelandic phonology is far more complex than the spelling system might imply, with many consonants and vowels having several allophones. For example, [k] can be aspirated, pre-aspirated or a fricative [x], although to a large extent this can be predicted based upon the position of a phoneme in a word. For example, the sound [x] occurs in the word ég - "I", which has arguably a similar albeit not identical lenition process to that visible in the High German word ich - "I". Another example is the way in which f is pronounced initially as [f], elsewhere usually as [v], but in some instances, e.g. before n, f is pronounced [p], e.g. in the word höfn - "harbour", pronounced [hœpn]. Note that Höfn with a capital H is also the name of a town on the southern coast of Iceland, the town means "harbour" and is based around, a harbour. 

Below are five example sentences in Icelandic I have written to show something of the language's nature and grammar, with translations and explanations beneath each sentence on the context and what is said:

1. ég hugsa að Ísland er mjög fallegt land - I think that Iceland is a very beautiful country (land)

2. ég ætla að fara til Íslands aftur - I would like to/intend to travel/go to Iceland again

3. ég sé gamalt hraun á landinu - I see old lava on the land

4. ég sá ekki skeljaskrímsli í Íslandi - I did not see a "Shell Monster" in Iceland

5. skeljaskrímslin eru í Vestfjörðunum - the "Shell Monsters" are in the West Fjords. 

-skeljaskrímslin is the definite nominative plural form of skeljaskrímsli - "shell monster", these are four-legged dinosaur-like or bear-like cryptids reported from the West Fjords of Iceland, they are called "shell monsters" due to their scale like armour skin, also described as a layer of shells, which moves and jingles as they walk. The word is formed from the words skel - "shell", and skrímsli, skrímsli being a general word that roughly translates to "monster" in English. I myself have not visited the West Fjords area of Iceland, and have not seen a skeljaskrímsli, although I encountered something very similar in a vivid dream once. In the dream, the beings were like slow-moving dinosaurs, covered in what appeared to be an iron armour of scales, they were the size of small horses and I remember being slightly worried about them in that dream. The skeljaskrímsli bares some similarity to the "Shellycoat" known in parts of Scotland, a being I have discussed several times before, although I do not think that the Shellycoat and the skeljaskrímsli are the same being. The skeljaskrímsli is said to live in the sea, but to come on land at night -and is said to be dangerous, so people should be aware of this if going to Iceland, the skeljaskrímsli is also found in many parts of Iceland, and not just the West Fjords region. Note I have also in the past (including recently) discussed other cryptids of Iceland, and will continue to do so elsewhere. Note also that the word hraun - "lava", pronounced [r̥øyːn], is a word of uncertain origin. Perhaps this word is another (like those I have previously discussed) that pertains to Iceland's pre-Norse peoples? 

I have only included a brief number of Icelandic sample sentences in this article, especially as some of my previous publications have also included Icelandic phrases and sentences, although I have also written many Trøndersk phrases and sentences and published them in other publications too. See also my article on this ebsite, titled: 1-etym. New interesting etymologies, noticed July 2025 and my as of yet unpublished article for Silly Linguistics, titled: On non-Norse language in Iceland, and Icelandic magical staves - a mysterious symbolic language, and my other publications, for further information about pre-Norse language elements in Iceland & in the Faroe Islands. For example, other information about pre-Norse in Iceland, not published elsewhere, can be found in my recent PDF book titled: On Arctic speech, book published only in PDF format and only by BookofDunBarra UK on the 21/06/2025 published on my BookofDunBarra website (not the website you are currently on). 

Photo above: a view up along the coastline from Borgarnes in western Iceland. I am unsure whether or not the skeljaskrímsli is known from Borgarnes, but this photo helps to give a general idea of what the Icelandic coastline looks like in places, the skeljaskrímsli being itself said to come from the seas. This photo was taken in summer, 2010, and helps to give an idea of the colours and textures of Iceland during the summer (at least when the sun is shining). The name Borgarnes, of the settlement close to where this photo was taken, is from the Icelandic borgar nes, borgar is the genitive of borg meaning a fort or settlement, nes meaning a headland.

II. More on the Trøndersk language

In the Trøndelag regions of Norway the native dialects are commonly referred to as Trøndersk or Trøndermål. I think that these dialects could also be referred to as a language. Trøndersk has many variants throughout the counties of Nord-Trøndelg, Sør-Trøndelag, and to some extent in the bordering regions of these counties. Commonly the first person singular pronoun is æ, although e and eg are also common, with other variants such as æg also found. For example æ kjæm frå bya - “I come from the town”, in Bokmål Norwegian: jeg kommer fra byen, in Nynorsk Norwegian: eg kjem frå bya. Below are some more examples in the way in which I would speak Trøndersk in the coastal Innherad region, although within Innherad as a whole there are numerous smaller Trøndersk dialects, some of which differ a fair bit from the examples shown here. The broad capital L represents the retroflex flap or "Tjukk L". Note that when i occurs before nn it indicates palatalisation of the n, sometimes described as a palatalisation that occurs before the [n], for example in the words kjeinnt and lainne. The i in these words is thus not a true vowel. Below are 16 Trøndersk example sentences I have wrote as examples, below which are those same sentences as they would be in standard Bokmål Norwegian.

1.   god dag - good day
2.   ka heite du?/ka du heite? - what are you called?
3.   æ heite... - I am called
4.   kor e storvatne? - where is the big lake?
5.   æ ska kåmmå heim ætte fæst'n - I shall come home after the party
6.   legend’n e kjeinnt over heile lainne - the legend is known over the whole land
7.   gamLekaill'n bur i daL’n - the old man lives in the valley
8.   dæm prate TrønnermåL å Sørsamisk - they speak Trøndersk and Southern Sámi
9.   æ veit itj ka fjoL'n heite - I do not know what the fjord is called
10. vilj du jærn dainnse me mæ? - would you like to dance with me?
11. no ferstå æ TrønnermåL - now I understand Trøndersk
12. æ veit itj om troill som bur i daL'n - I do not know about trolls that live in the valley
13. TronnheimfjoL'n kainn ses frå Steintjer - The Trondheim Fjord can be seen from Steinkjer
14. dæm prate Jæmsk på svænsk sida av græns'n - they speak Jämtlandic on the Swedish side of the border
15. Sørsamisk prates båe i Noreg og i Jæmtlainn - Southern Sámi is spoken both in Norway and in Jämtland
16. ka tænkje du om bLåbær? - "what do you think about blueberries?"

In standard Norwegian Bokmål, these sentences would be as follows:

1.   god dag 
2.   hva heter du?
3.   jeg heter...
4.   hvor er det store vannet/den store innsjøen?
5.   jeg skal komme hjem etter festen
6.   legenden er kjent over hele landet
7.   den gamle mannen bor i dalen
8.   de snakker Trøndersk og Sørsamisk 
9.   jeg vet ikke hva fjorden heter
10. vil du gjerne danse med meg? nå forstår jeg Trøndersk
11. nå forstår jeg Trøndersk
12. jeg vet om inget troll som bor i dalen
13. Trondheimfjorden kan ses fra Steinkjer
14. de snakker Jamtsk på den svenske siden av grensen
15. Sørsamisk snakkes både i Norge og i Jemtland
16. hva synes du/tenker du om blåbær? 

There is also a fair amount of vocabulary which is unique to the Trøndersk language, for example a sudden gust of wind, vindkast in Bokmål, may be called rosso in Trøndersk, which is related to the Aurgjelding word råsså given below. An interesting word for "cod" in Trøndersk is jedd, normally torsk in Norwegian. The word modde is also used in Trøndersk for "cod", and is related to the word möddje in the Aurgjelding language given in the next section. 

III. On the Aure language

The Aure language, Aurgjelding or Auremål is a dialect of the traditional Nordmørsmål language or group of Norwegian dialects, spoken in the Nordmøre district of Møre and Romsdal County. The Aurgjelding language shares a lot in common with other dialects of Møre and Romsdal, and also with dialects in other parts of northern Westland, for example those of Sognefjord. Aurgjelding also shares a fair bit in common with Trøndersk, and the Aure distrinct, which is coastal, is not so far from the border with Trøndelag. I have briefly discussed the Aure or Aurgjelding language a few times in other publications. Aure as a region is referred to generally as Aur or as Öre in Aurgjelding. 

For example, as in Trøndersk, the first person singular pronoun is often æ, but the forms ɛ and e are also found in some parts of the region. This dialect has some interesting vocabulary, for example råsså - a "sudden gust of wind"/vindkast in Bokmål; and for example möddje - "cod",  normally: torsk, and ugga - the fins of a fish. Another curious word I have also discussed elsewhere is głeiɲɲ, meaning an "opening in a forest", which bares an interesting phonetic and semantic similarity to Scottish Gaelic gleann - "valley", in a sense that a valley is also a form of opening or pathway through mountains, rather than a forest.

I originally learned my knowledge on the Aure dialect from Norwegian Wikipedia pages, including the page Aurgjelding on the Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia. I have also used the current orthography given in the Wikipedia article in this article currently in front of you. My own comments in this article in front of you are not present in any other sources however, other than the spelling of the words themselves.

I hope that this article was an intriguing read, and thank you for reading!